Encapsulation

Definition

The OOP principle of hiding internal details (data) and controlling access to them

• It bundles related attributes and functionalities into a single unit within a specific object, while protecting the data from external access
• By allowing data to be accessed only through the methods provided by the object, it achieves two goals: data protection and preventing unnecessary external exposure
• Summary
  • Restricts direct external access to an object’s attributes.
  • Allows access to data through methods that can validate its integrity.
  • Lowers coupling between objects, thereby improving maintainability.
• Understanding Access modifiers (접근 제어자) is crucial for encapsulation

Encapsulation in Java

1. Making fields private (hidden from outside)
   • making fields directly inaccessible from outside
2. Providing public getters and setters to access and modify them
   • Core part of encapsulation
   • You can validate or restrict how data is accessed or changed
     • setter - you can set conditionals/validation logic
   • You hide implementation details
   • Only use setter and getter when necessary
     • you can only provide getters or setters only